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| Keyword Search Tips | |
| Adjacency | To search multiple words as a phrase enclose them in quotes. Example : "world health organization" Without the quotes all words are searched as if joined by the and operator (all words must be present but can be anywhere). |
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| Boolean Operators | Use and or or to specify multiple words in any field, any order. Combine these with not to specify exclusions and use parentheses to group expressions. Example : stocks and bonds Example : (alaska or canada) and (adventure and not vacation) |
| Wildcards | Truncate the end of a word with an asterisk (*) and use a question mark (?) to replace a single character anywhere in a word. Example : environment* polic* Example : wom?n |
| Proximity Operators | To specify words close to each other in any order, enclose them in quotes and add a tilde (~) followed by the maximum number of other words between them. Example : "fractal spectra"~5 |
| Result Set Grouping | Results for simple searches are grouped by relevance to bring the most likely titles to the top of the list. Each group represents a similar level of relevance and results are sorted within the group by date or title. Complex searches return ungrouped results; to force ungrouped results use a set of quotes around a word. |